West Nusa Tenggara (Indonesian: Nusa Tenggara Barat – NTB) is a province of Indonesia. It comprises the western portion of the Lesser Sunda Islands, with the exception of Bali which is its own province. Mataram, on Lombok, is the capital and largest city of the province. The 2010 census recorded the population at 4,496,855; the latest estimate (for January 2014) is 4,702,389. The province's area is 19,708.79 km². The two largest islands in the province are Lombok in the west and the larger Sumbawa island in the east.

In 1938, the Neo Municipality was formed, a self regulated area (Dutch: Zelf Bestuur Regelen).^{[citation needed]} Based on the Lombok government constitution, East Indonesia Presidents' decision on 9 May 1949 No.5/Prv/49, Lombok did not contain a municipality but was an area conducted by Dutch Government. Formerly known as Sunda Kecil (Lesser Sunda), the West Nusa Tenggara Province was formed from part of the former State of East Indonesia in 1951.^{[citation needed]} In 1957, the regional government was established.^{[citation needed]}